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A distress button, which automatically sends a digital distress signal identifying the calling vessel and the nature of the emergency.

The actual voice communication then takes place on a different channel specified by the caller. Calls are set up on the dedicated VHF channel 70 which DSC equipment must listen on continuously. This information is carried digitally and the receiving set will alert the operator of an incoming call once its own MMSI is detected.

The ability to call another vessel using a unique identifier known as a Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI).

Many lower priced handheld units are voice only as well as older fixed units.ĭSC equipment, a part of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS), provides all the functionality of voice-only equipment and, additionally, allows several other features: Voice only equipment is the traditional type, which relies totally on the human voice for calling and communicating.

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A few portable VHFs are even approved to be used as emergency radios in environments requiring intrinsically safe equipment (e.g. A portable set (often essentially a waterproof, VHF walkie-talkie in design) can be carried on a kayak, or to a lifeboat in an emergency, has its own power source and is waterproof if GMDSS-approved. A fixed set generally has the advantages of a more reliable power source, higher transmit power, a larger and more effective antenna and a bigger display and buttons. Hoping to foil German detection during the World War II Battle of the Atlantic, American and British convoy escorts used Talk-Between-Ships (TBS) radios operating on VHF. Also in the 1920s, the ionospheric skip or skywave phenomenon was discovered, which allowed lower power vacuum tube transmitters operating in the shortwave bands to communicate at long distances.

During World War I amplitude modulation was developed, and in the 1920s spark radiotelegraphy equipment was replaced by vacuum tube radiotelephony allowing voice communication. The first marine radio transmitters used the longwave bands.

By 1920, the US had a string of 12 coastal stations stretched along the Atlantic seaboard from Bar Harbor, Maine to Cape May, New Jersey. This and the 1912 RMS Titanic rescue brought the field of marine radio to public consciousness, and marine radio operators were regarded as heroes. The first significant marine rescue due to radio was the 1909 sinking of the luxury liner RMS Republic, in which 1,500 lives were saved.

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Marconi built a string of shore stations and in 1904 established the first Morse code distress call, the letters CQD, used until 1906 when SOS was agreed on. Guglielmo Marconi invented radio communication in the 1890s, and the Marconi Company installed wireless telegraphy stations on ships beginning around 1900. Marine radio was the first commercial application of radio technology, allowing ships to keep in touch with shore and other ships, and send out a distress call for rescue in case of emergency. It is used for a wide variety of purposes, including marine navigation and traffic control, summoning rescue services and communicating with harbours, locks, bridges and marinas. It is also used, with slightly different regulation, on rivers and lakes. Marine VHF radio equipment is installed on all large ships and most seagoing small craft. Transmitter power is limited to 25 watts, giving them a range of about 100 kilometres (62 mi 54 nmi). In some countries additional channels are used, such as the L and F channels for leisure and fishing vessels in the Nordic countries (at 155.5–155.825 MHz). It uses FM channels in the very high frequency (VHF) radio band in the frequency range between 156 and 174 MHz, inclusive, designated by the International Telecommunication Union as the VHF maritime mobile band. Marine VHF radio is a worldwide system of two way radio transceivers on ships and watercraft used for bidirectional voice communication from ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore (for example with harbormasters), and in certain circumstances ship-to-aircraft. Radios operating in the very high frequency maritime mobile bandĪ standard handheld marine VHF, mandatory on larger seagoing vessels under the GMDSS rules A VHF set and a VHF channel 70 DSC set, the DSC on top A vintage (76-89) marine VHF radiotelephone

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